John Keats The Next Shakespeare Essay - 829 Words

John Keats can easily be ranked as the top British poet to ever live; or at least in the top five ranking mark. His usage of his poems structures has become famous, just as his poems have become famous. Due to the young death of this famous poet, his literary work was cut short. Ever since he knew he was going to die, when he discovered he had contracted tuberculosis, he had thought that he would never be remembered; so much so that according to the web-site â€Å"Poets Graves† which states the inscription on his tombstone read, â€Å"Here lies One Whose Name was writ in Water,† meaning that Keats was certain that he would never be remembered. However, contrary to his belief, Keats is still remembered today, so much so that his poetry is put into†¦show more content†¦Keats throughout the entire poem talks to the urn as if it is a real person, he almost has a real conversation with is almost like two people would have together. The web site â€Å"Shmoop† states about the poem, â€Å"Also, the speaker uses a metaphor to compare the urn to an unravish’d bride and foster-child. The urn is being personified, or treated as if it were a person who could actually get married.† From this statement Keats is treating the urn as if he could become married to, is through Keats’s use of personification. The third poetic structure Keats uses is the use of figures of speech through his poem, â€Å"Chapman’s Homer.† When Keats’s states in the poem, â€Å"When a new planet swims into his Ken; Or like stout Cortez when with eagle eyes he stared at the Pacific†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Keats, Chapman’s Homer, page 883, lines 10-13) Keat uses similes and metaphors to convey his happiness in reading this poem. He compares himself reading this poem Homer’s Iliad, to discovering a new planet or being Cortez, the first European man to lay eyes on the Pacific (which is actually incorrect.) In fact, according to the National Geographic â€Å"History Book† the Iliad was written approximately 800 B.C.E. and then translated by George Chapman some 2,400Show MoreRelatedThe Great English Poet By John Keats2083 Words   |  9 Pagesfind someone to love who returns their sentiments. The great English poet, John Keats, struggled to achieve these goals for many years As he grew, John Keats struggled to meet many goals, highlighting the desire that all of humankind shares to achieve greatness. According to legend, Mrs. Frances Keats gave birth to a healthy baby boy in a stable on October 1, 1795 (Ward 5). Mrs. Keats and her husband, Thomas, named their son John and loved him dearly, spoiling him even after he gained four younger siblingsRead More The Effect of John Keats Health on His Work Essay1999 Words   |  8 PagesThe Effect of John Keats Health on His Work      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In his elegy for the poet John Keats, Adonais, his friend and fellow poet Percy Bysshe Shelley writes: With me / Died Adonais; till the Future dares / Forget the Past, his fate and fame shall be / An echo and a light unto eternity (6-9).   Shelley speaks of the eternal nature of Keats poetry, which, although written at a specific time in literary history, addresses timeless issues such as life, death, love,Read MoreAnalysis Of John Keats s Bright Star1521 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Bright Star† is thought to be the last sonnet that John Keats ever wrote before tuberculosis caused his untimely death in 1821, and the person to whom he was writing to is his fiancà ©e, Fanny Brawne. During Keats’ time, he was known as the William Shakespeare of the Sonnet. Movements that were going on during the time of â€Å"Bright Star,† was meant to write poems on the suffering of the human heart, and his suffering had to do with his love. The poem itself was written in April of 1818, while he wasRead MoreLa Belle Dame sans Merci by John Keats1795 Words   |  8 Pages Many famous writers have careers spanning over decades, though one English Romantic poet was able to achieve fame in his short career of only five years. John Keats was a poet with a remarkable ability to perceive the world around him; an ability that resonated throughout his works. Although John Keats lived an unfortunately short life, he is considered one of the most important figures of the English Romantic movement because of his use of Romantic literary devices and themes of love and loss inRead MoreTaking a Look at John Milton1988 Words   |  8 Pages Often being ranked side by side with William Shakespeare and John Keats, John Milton is considered one of the most renowned English poets in the world of literature, as journalist and politician Joseph Devlin states, â€Å"... [T]he three greatest works are those of Homer, Dante and Shakespeare. These are closely followed by the works of Virgil and Milton.† Many make the misconception that Milton is part of the Romanticism movement along with Mary Shelly and William Blake but Milton’s career took placeRead MoreThe Impact Of Shakespeare s Character Representation1998 Words   |  8 PagesThe Impact of Shakespeare on Character Representation Writing is an inexhaustible source for sharing emotions and ideas. Robin Williams once said that â€Å"Poetry, beauty, romance, love, these are what we stay alive for.† What we put into our writing is a part of us and should touch others in positive way. Whether to inform, persuade, or entertain, it meant to be passionate. For most students, almost all of knowledge we learn in English glass is about either about boring, dull research papers we willRead MoreCommentary on On Sitting Down to Read King Lear Once Again by John Keats1984 Words   |  8 Pages When through the old oak forest I am gone, Let me not wander in a barren dream, But when I am consumed in the fire, Give me new Phoenix wings to fly at my desire. COMMENTARY : The poem under study was written in 1818 after the completion of John Keatss 4,000-line poem Endymion. We are facing a traditional and fixed form of poem as Sitting Down to Read King Lear Once Again is an Elizabethan sonnet composed of fourteen lines which are divided up into three quatrains, that is four-line stanzasRead More Aspects of a Sonnet Essay2511 Words   |  11 PagesPetrarca, thus why it is named the Petrarchan Sonnet chose to write his sonnets. However William Shakespeare, a famous English poet, used another sonnet-rhyming scheme his is as follows: The first twelve lines are made up of three quatrains (blocks of four lines linked by rhyme). The last two lines form a rhyming couplet, e.g. a rhyming pair: abab, cdcd, efef, gg William Shakespeare is often considered the greatest writer of English literature that ever lived. By 1594 he was a risingRead MoreThe Poem Caged Bird 1147 Words   |  5 Pagessubtypes of lyric poetry: âž ¢ An ode is a poem devoted to the praise of a person, animal, or thing. It is written in an elevated style (formal, dignified language), and it often expresses deep feeling. An example of an ode is â€Å"Ode to a Nightingale† by John Keats: http://www.poemhunter.com/poem/ode-to-a-nightingale/. âž ¢ An elegy is a poem that mourns the dead. The tone is somber, melancholy, and contemplative. Walt Whitman’s poem â€Å"O Captain! My Captain!† is a famous elegy written to mourn the death ofRead More Rock n Roll 20th Century Culture Essay1465 Words   |  6 Pagesof alienation that young people felt from the past and the â€Å"Establishment† and it also showed the keen sense of community they felt among themselves. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Classic albums such as the Beatles’ â€Å"White Album,† the Who’s â€Å"Who’s Next,† Dylan’s â€Å"Highway 61 Revisited, and Pink Floyd’s â€Å"Dark Side of the Moon† capture what was essential about the time because they were both a result of that time and because they helped to produce it by reinforcing the younger generation’s feelings

Mercantilism Essay - 966 Words

The year 1607 brought England into the quot;New Worldquot; with its first permanent settlement at Jamestown, and the following years would bring more American colonies to the British Empire. When sending people into the new land, the English planned to use a mercantilist policy and fully use the colonies for their resources. The colonists creation of the proverb quot;Mother countries exist for the benefit of their coloniesquot; is sufficient because Englands original intentions of mercantilism soon disappeared after their entrance into this new world. The reason for the decline in their motives can be traced to many occurrences, most notably benign neglect of the colonies and internal English conflicts. In many cases, the mother†¦show more content†¦As a result, many colonists had a monopoly on English trade. With only America trading tobacco with England, it was easy for farmers to make hefty profits on trades. As stated in â€Å"Virginia Resents Restrictions†, the c olonists were provided with a monopoly in England since they were prohibited to trade with other nations. At the same time, â€Å"Adam Smith’s Balance Sheet† shows that their relation with England also provided the colonists cheap manufacturing that they did not have the facility for. This is another example of colonists taking advantage of England’s policies; it proves that the proverb can indeed be reversed. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;With officials working for the betterment of the entire empire, colonies greatly reaped the benefits of being under the English throne. Although it may be expected that Englishmen would live better lives as a result of paying extremely high taxes and living close to the empire, it was in fact the opposite. Even with the direct correlation of the English with the government, colonists lived in a much safer economic environment. The policies enforced in England were enforced to a lesser degree in America. Not only did the colonists enjoy all the rights the English had, but the colonists also had the unusual right of self-government. While the British themselves were in many different economic problems, the colonists were living a relatively stable life without intrusion by the government.Show MoreRelatedMercantilism And The Development Of Mercantilism Essay999 Words   |  4 PagesMercantilism Mercantilism was a theory in economics, which was very popular between the 16th and 18th centuries, whose aim was to build a strong rich state through the regulation of the economy by the state (Wallerstein, 2014). This regulation of the economy was implemented by states through the reduction of imports and the increase of exports. These actions aimed at creating a â€Å"favorable balance of trade† that was characterized by monetary reserves of gold and silver (Rothbard, 2010). Other policiesRead MoreMercantilism Essay1456 Words   |  6 PagesThe several colonies under British control in America were all ruled and governed by the same political and economic policy. Mercantilism is a policy where wealth is equivalent to power. It is the economic theory that a country’s wealth was measured in the amount of bullion it accumulated. Even though this policy was official by the British crown and Parliament, often a different policy advanced into society. Salutary neglect, a concept first written by Edmund Burke and first used by Prime MinisterRead MoreMercantilism2448 Words   |  10 PagesMercantilism Mercantilism is a political and economic system that arose in the 17th and 18th centuries. The definition of this system can be explained as economic nationalism for the purpose of building a wealthy and powerful state. It purports that a country s economic strength is directly related to the maintenance of a positive balance of trade. This theory also claims that a country must export more than it imports. Such a positive balance of trade, according to mercantilist thoughtRead More Mercantilism Essay1133 Words   |  5 PagesMercantilism Mercantilism is the economic theory that a nations prosperity depends on its supply of gold and silver; that the total volume of trade is unchangeable. This theory suggests that the government should play an active role in the economy by encouraging exports and discouraging imports, especially through the use of tariffs. Spain and England used the mercantile system to benefit the mother countries. The mercantile system had special regulations, which usually extracted some sortRead MoreMercantilism Essay445 Words   |  2 PagesMercantilism Economics in the seventeenth and eighteenth century were dominated by the idea of mercantilism. Mercantilism depended on the cooperation between colony and mother country in the shipping and production of raw materials. Domestic industry increased employment, expanded commercial activity within the country and decreased Frances dependence on foreign trade. The success of a Mercantile system relied on the government, participating merchants, even nobility and the working class, allRead MoreEssay The Logic of Mercantilism723 Words   |  3 PagesExplain the Logic of Mercantilism and Why it is Generally Viewed as a Deficient Theory Gretchen Serrao Nova Southeastern University Explain the Logic of Mercantilism and Why it is Generally Viewed as a Deficient Theory Mercantilism was an economic system that developed in Europe between the 16th and 18th century during the period of the new monarchies. This economic philosophy is based on the belief that a nation’s wealth depends on accumulated treasure, usuallyRead MoreEssay about 17th Century English Mercantilism946 Words   |  4 PagesMercantilism Essay England in the 17th century adopted the policy of mercantilism, exercising control over the trade of the colonies, thus greatly affecting their political and economical development. Mercantilism was the policy in Europe throughout the 1500s to the 1700s where the government of the mother country controlled the industry and trade of other, weaker settlements with the idea that national strength and economic security comes from exporting more than what is imported. PossessionRead MoreLiberalism and Mercantilism1287 Words   |  6 Pagesand Mercantilism International political economy is an important subdiscipline of international relation. It has three main ideologies, Liberalism, Mercantilism and Marxism. In this essay there will be three parts, first part is to demonstrate what the Liberalism and Mercantilism are on the perspective of international political economy and then the second part is to compare and contrast these two ideologies of political economy. At last, give a conclusion to the Liberalism and Mercantilism. Read More Mercantilism Essay1879 Words   |  8 Pages Mercantilism is an economic theory where a nations strength comes from building up gold supplies and expanding its trade. Britain formed the American colonies so that they could increase their gold stores. They wanted raw supplies to make into products to sell and make money. They wanted America to pay taxes so that Britain could make money. America used the theory in that they thought they ought to, in order to be strong expand their trade beyond Britain. Countries like Belgium, and France wantedRead MoreThe Trade Of International Trade1538 Words   |  7 Pagesthe government do not intervene on what its citizen can buy, produce or sell internationally. International trade first began in a barter system which is followed by mercantilism in the early 16th and 17th century we’re mercantilism trade is practiced and this is what nation nowadays still view international business as. Mercantilism is when countries trying to maximize export through the use of subsidies and minimize import through tariffs and quotas. This theory is used as country hope to get a

Pharmaceutical Companies a Manufacturer of Synthetic Insulin

Question: Prepare a Detailed Report on a Specific Product which is Currently being Marketed by Either a Major Pharmaceutical or Biopharmaceutical Company. Answer: History of the product The pharmaceutical companies have embarked on the large-scale manufacture of synthetic insulin to meeting the increasing demand for health care. The types of insulin also are based on how soon it becomes functional (Klubo-Gwiezdzinska et al., 2015). There are short acting, intermediate acting, and long-acting insulin. In terms of history, before scientist discovered the production of insulin, patients with type 1 diabetes used to die. A Canadian scientist Friendrick Banting was able to purify insulin in 1921. Continued experiments later found a type of insulin which could be released at lower doses in blood. This was the addition of a fish protein, protamine which the human body breaks down at a slow rate. Although there have been several modifications in insulin, the method of production still remains the same. Initially, insulin was derived from the pancreas of calves and pigs followed by purification. The insulin in these animals and human are quite similar and hence function well. However, some people would complain of allergies which led to the development if biotechnological industrial production of insulin in 1980. This was enabled by the determination of the chemical structure of insulin which then made it possible to determine the location of the gene which codes for insulin in the chromosome. Initial experiments involved the splicing of the insulin gene in mice into a bacterium which enabled insulin synthesis. In the year 1980s, the scientists were able to make use of genetic engineering methods to synthesize the human insulin protein. For example, in the year 1982, Eli Lily Corporation manufactured the first human insulin which was later widely accepted for use as a pharmaceutical product. This insulin did not have any animal contaminants, production was on large scale and there were no fears concerning the transmission of diseases between animals to humans were lowered. T he majority of the pharmaceutical companies use the recombinant DNA technology to produce insulin (Wang et al., 2014). Biology underlying the condition being treated Insulin is a very important hormone in the body, whose function is to regulate the amount of sugar in the blood. More specifically, insulin is involved in transporting sugar in blood into the cells for metabolism (Higgs and Fernandez, 2014). This hormone is needs produced by the beta cells of the pancreas. These cells sometimes release insulin in small amounts while in other cases, the release insulin surge. Once the food is digested din the gut, it is converted into molecules which can be easily get absorbed by the body cells. The carbohydrates are the ones which are converted into sugars for use by the cells to drive various body processes like glycolysis. When the blood glucose is high, following a meal, the pancreatic cells are triggered to produce proportionate levels of insulin. Upon binding of glucose transporters by the insulin on the cell membrane, the sugar in the blood begins to get into the cells via the plasma membrane. If there is no enough insulin production of the pan creatic cells are defective, blood glucose accumulates making the cells to starve (Lipska and Montori, 2015). Continued starvation of cells activates other metabolic pathways leading to the formation of ketones by the liver, which in turn complicate the health of patients and can lead to coma. Lack of proper insulin production also results in the development of diabetes; which can be type 1 or type 2. The type 1 diabetic patients are placed on medication such that they receive insulin injection doses about three times per day. The diabetes type 2 patients produce a little amount of insulin from their pancreas but they may need to inject some more either once to twice per day. Production process Method 1 The raw materials used for the production of insulin are E. coli bacteria, although yeast is used to some extent. Of great concern to the manufacturers is the protein or gene which produces insulin. This is obtained by use of a machine which sequences amino acids in order to produce DNA fragments (Heinemann and Hompesch, 2014). The production also requires large tanks where bacteria are grown as well as nutrients and carbon sources which are food for the bacteria. Production of insulin is a biochemical process which requires several steps by use of recombinant DNA technology upon isolation of the insulin gene. The insulin gene codes for the insulin protein and as the cell carries its metabolism, the insulin gene is translated to make proteins. In this case, the manufacturers manipulate the biological processes of the bacteria (Kumar and Partha, 2017). The insulin gene is then transferred into the bacteria and metabolism continues. The insulin gene has two sub units the A and B chain in its structure. The A chain has 21 amino acids while the B chain has 30 amino acids. Before it becomes active, the proinsulin has co-joined A and B subunits but it lacks the signal sequence. In the pharmaceutical companies, the A and B subunits are grown separately so as to avoid the manufacturing of each of the enzymes. Two minigenes are thus used. A minigene which forms the chain A and the minigene B which gives chain B. bearing in mind that the manufacturers already know the DNA sequence of each of the two chains, the minigenes are made by use of amino acid sequencing equipment. The resulting chains are in serted into the plasmid (cloning vectors) which is then taken up by competent bacteria. For instance, the plasmid is inserted into the and cultured followed by transfection. DNA ligase is added so as to aid the sticking together of the recombinants into the bacteria. The bacteria which make insulin are then subjected to fermentation at optimal temperatures, processes carried out in large tanks. The bacteria replicate and form millions of copies by mitotic processes with each copy having insulin genes (Mimi et al., 2015). The cells are then broken open so that DNA can be removed. The methionine is then broken by treating the DNA with cyanogens bromide so that the insulin chains are separated. The insulin chains A and B are the joined together using disulfide bonds in the oxidation-reduction process. Method 2 In this method, the manufacture of insulin begins with the precursor called proinsulin. All the processes are similar to method 1, apart from the use of a machine for amino acid sequences. The proinsulin is fermented in large tanks where the A and B insulin chains are spliced using an enzyme so that the insulin is then purified (Sandow et al., 2015). The ingredients are then added to insulin so as to hinder the entry of bacteria and maintain a neutral pH. This method is important in the manufacture of the long-acting insulin. Purification The manufacturers then purify the insulin chains by use of a method like chromatography, reverse HPLC and other size separation methods. The batches of insulin produced are then tested per batches so as to make sure that the E.coli proteins have been mixed with insulin (Moein et al., 2014). A marker protein used to detect the presence or absence of E. coli, where the bacteria is eventually removed, leaving behind the insulin only. When the insulin protein is being manufactured, quality control is of great importance. In case there are impurities in the insulin, other methods of purification such as gel filtration, X-ray crystallography, and amino acid sequencing can be used. The vials that are used to store insulin are also tested for the packaging to ensure that that sealing is proper (Thomas et al., 2014). According to the National Institute of Health, on safety measures should be followed when manufacturing insulin. Economies of process The commercial manufacture of insulin requires the use of large scale equipment with several challenges during scale up. The costs and dependency are done based on the parameters of the manufacturing process. It is important that unnecessary costs are minimized while the negative impact to the environment is lowered. A pharmaceutical manufacturing plant can involve an investment of $150 million. The unit production could be about $70/g during purification of insulin particles. If we make an assumption that each insulin costs about $100/g, this manufacturing plant can yield satisfactory returns of about 70 %. For instance, a 40 mg vial of insulin can cost about $25 in cost indicating that selling at $100/g is economically viable. Waste and safety The pharmaceutical manufacturing company causes negative effects to the environment especially when it comes to disposal of wastes (Heldin et al., 2014). Therefore these wastes have been raising concerns over the effect of wastes from pharmaceuticals to the health of the communities around. As more and more people are diagnosed with diabetes while others are living with uncured diabetes, there need to be the development of sustainable plans to manage wastes (Ortigosa et al., 2015). The insulin infusion pumps and tubing free infusion sets have impacts to the environment. It is also important to consider waste water used in the manufacturing process especially the wastes from biological chemicals. This wastewater can be highly toxic and hence manufacturing companies should ensure that they carry put proper detoxification processes before releasing to the environment. They should also have proper plastic and paper disposal systems by adopting the use of packaging materials which are bio degradable especially after the diabetic patient has finally used the vials. References Heinemann, L. and Hompesch, M., 2014. Biosimilar Insulins Basic Considerations. Journal of diabetes science and technology, 8(1), pp.6-13. Heldin, E., Grnlund, S., Shanagar, J., Hallgren, E., Eriksson, K., Xavier, M., Tunes, H. and Vilela, L., 2014. Development of an intermediate chromatography step in an insulin purification process. The use of a High Throughput Process Development approach based on selectivity parameters. Journal of Chromatography B, 973, pp.126-132. Higgs, M. and Fernandez, R., 2014. PW367 The effect of insulin therapy algorithms on blood glucose levels in post-operative patients following cardiac surgery: A systematic review. Global Heart, 9(1), p.e334. Klubo-Gwiezdzinska, J., Cochran, E., Semple, R.K., Brown, R.J. and Gorden, P., 2015. Continued Efficacy of Combination Therapy for Type B Insulin Resistance Due to Autoantibodies to the Insulin Receptor. In Clinical Issues in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes (pp. OR01-1). Endocrine Society. Kumar, M.A.N.N.P. and Partha, M.B.U.R.K., 2017. Kinetic and Structural Differentiation of Trypsin from Different Origins. BioPharm International, 30(1). Lipska, K.J. and Montori, V.M., 2015. ACP Journal Club. In type 1 diabetes, intensive insulin therapy for 6.5 y reduced mortality at 27 y compared with usual care. Annals of internal medicine, 162(10), p.JC12. Mimi, N., Belkacemi, H., Sadoun, T., Sapin, A. and Maincent, P., 2015. How the composition and manufacturing parameters affect insulin release from polymeric nanoparticles. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, 30, pp.458-466. Moein, M.M., Javanbakht, M. and Akbari-adergani, B., 2014. Molecularly imprinted polymer cartridges coupled on-line with high performance liquid chromatography for simple and rapid analysis of human insulin in plasma and pharmaceutical formulations. Talanta, 121, pp.30-36. Ortigosa, A.D., Coleman, M.P., George, S.T., Rauscher, M.A., Sleevi, M.C. and Kartoa, C.H.O.W., Merck Sharp Dohme Corp., 2015. Purifying insulin using cation exchange and reverse phase chromatography in the presence of an organic modifier and elevated temperature. U.S. Patent Application 15/124,080. Sandow, J., Landgraf, W., Becker, R. and Seipke, G., 2015. Equivalent recombinant human insulin preparations and their place in therapy. Eur Endocrinol, 11(1), pp.10-6. Thomas, A., Schnzer, W. and Thevis, M., 2014. Determination of human insulin and its analogues in human blood using liquid chromatography coupled to ion mobility mass spectrometry (LC?IM?MS). Drug testing and analysis, 6(11-12), pp.1125-1132. Wang, Z., York, N.W., Nichols, C.G. and Remedi, M.S., 2014. Pancreatic cell dedifferentiation in diabetes and redifferentiation following insulin ther

Jack London Love of Life Essay Example

Jack London Love of Life Essay Genealogic Classification and typology of languages. 2. Language as a Social Phenomenon. Definition of Language. Functions of the Language. 3. Languages as a Systemic System . Language Levels and Components. The History of the English Language 1. Theories of Language Evolution. Periodization of English and Main Events in the History of English 2. Common LinguisticFeatures of Ancient and Modern Germanic Languages 3. Grammatical andLexical Peculiarities of Old English 4. Main Features ofMiddle English: Phonetics, Grammar, Vocabulary 5.The Characteristicsof Early Modern English. The Process of Language Standardization 6. Development ofWiring in the history of the English language The EnglishLiterature 1. Old EnglishLiterature / Epic, Lyric, Historical works/ 2. Middle EnglishLiterature /G. Chaucer, WLangland, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight/ 3. The Main Periods inthe Literary Activity of William Shakespeare 4. The Romantic Subjectin Lord Byrons Poetry 5. The Victorian Age inEnglish Lite rature. 6. English Prose of theXXth Century The English Lexicology 1.Word Building Processes Based on Addition and Contraction 2. Peculiarities of American and British English 3. Criteria of Classification of the Phraseological Units 4. Synonymy, Antonymy and Homonymy 5. The Development of English and American Lexicography 6. Variants and Dialects of the English language 7. The Etymology of the English Word Stock 8. The Theory of the Word. Lexical Meaning and Semantic Structure of English Words. The English Stylistics 1. Functional Styles of the English Language 2. Phono-Graphical Expressive Means. 3.Lexical Stylistic Devices / Metaphor, Metonymy, Irony, Zeugma, Pun, Epithet, / 4. Lexical stylistic Devices /Oxymoron, Simile, Periphrases, Hyperbole, Repetition, Understatement/ 5. Syntactical Stylistic Devices /Stylistics Inversion, Detached Constructions, Parallel Construction, Chiasmus, Suspense, Climax, Antithesis/ 6. Stylistic Classification of the English Vocabulary Theory and Pr actice of Translation 1. Speak on the Scienceof translating. 2. Types ofTranslations. 3. Levels ofEquivalence of Translation. 4. Lexical Aspects ofTranslation 5.Machine Translationand its Perspectives 6. Handling AttributiveGroups 7. Translation ofPhraseological Units 8. Handling Equivalentand Equivalent-Lacking Forms and Structures 9. Translation of ModalForms 10. Direct and IndirectTranslating Procedures 11. Intercultural andInterlingual Translation 12. FundamentalParameters of Translational Competences 13. Pragmatics ofTranslation 14. Stylistic Aspects ofTranslation 15. Lexical and GrammarDifficulties in Translation 16. Types ofTransformations in the Process of Translation /lexical, grammatical, syntactic, miscellaneous types/ 17.AntonymousTranslation. Compensation in Translation. Other Translation Problems. Traductology 1. ProfessionalTranslation as an Act of Communication. The Role of a Translator. 2. Different Approachesto Translation. Four Schools of Translation. 3. Different Aspects ofTranslation Activity. Translation and Cultural Equation. 4. Components of Actsof Communication / aims, intentions, content, package / 5. Fidelity as aPhenomenon in Translation. Verbalizing a Simple Idea. 6. Principles of Fidelity/ primary and secondary information/ 7.Differences betweenInterpretation and Translation 8. KnowledgeAcquisition in Written and Oral Translation 9. Meanings of Words. Aspects of Synonyms* Translation 10. Translation and Style. Pragmatics of the Text 11. Translation of Terms and Professionalisms 12. Semantic Engineering and Levels of Translators Approximation 13. The Nature ofLiterature and Informative Text Translation. The Genres of Literary works 14. The Subdivisions ofInformative Translation /scientific and technical texts, publicistic texts,official documents etc/

Sylvia PlathS Mirror Essays - Chirality, Elementary Geometry

Sylvia Plath'S ?Mirror? The Burden of Acceptance Sylvia Plaths Mirror, shows a truly thoughtful look into the different sights and feelings a mirror would have if it were a live conscious being, unable to lie. By showing the thoughts and emotions that a mirror would emit, Plath makes you look inward towards how you present yourself not only to your mirror but also to yourself. This is an eye-opening poem because of its truthful descriptions of the relationship between the inner feelings of people and how their outward appearances that they portray of themselves affect them in and out of the public realm. Examples of this are put throughout the poem Mirror, and can be found in just about every line of the poem. In the beginning of Mirror, the mirror states that it has no preconceptions and whatever it sees it takes in automatically, meaning that its unbiased in every way. It is not a vessel to be cruel, but to only to be truthful and like that of an eye of a little god. By saying this, Plath is telling the reader that a mirror, although it can be thought of as mocking and humiliative, is nothing but a mirror image. This shows us that the only discrepancy that we see in a mirror is not made by the mirror, but is created by our own psyche, self-conscience, and self-perceptions. All a mirror is, is a projection of what we think and feel about ourselves, may it be an image that comes from anothers perceptions of us or not. In any aspect, a mirror is just that, it is our own perception of ourselves, no matter how we may actually look like in the mirror. The next section of the poem introduces a woman into the life of the mirror. She looks toward the mirror seeking to find what she truly wants to discover (beauty), and the mirror truthfully reflects back to her what it sees. She turns from the reflection as if to look for the truth in something else, not excepting what she has just seen. Unable to find it, the mirror sees her agitation and depression after seeing her true self within it. She is always looking into the mirror to make sure everything is perfect and to put everything in its place, so to speak. In this the mirror, as the years seemingly pass, sees the young girl transform from her youth into an old woman and lose all that she has fretted over and over about throughout her life. Each day, she is reminded by the mirror of her lost youth and beauty that was once projected back at her so faithfully. The mirror in the poem is a representation of the truths in life, that as a person, is difficult to come to terms with in ones self. The womans view of herself and her reluctance to accept her natural and God-given beauty, shows how we all (as a society or as an individual) find it hard to accept ourselves for who we truly are. How we try to make ourselves into a conformed object of popular beauty based upon our outward appearance, instead of going by how our personal feelings that come from within us. The mirror, like the eye of a little god, shows us all what and who we truly are no matter how much we fight to deny what its telling us. In the end we all must come to face the facts about who we are and how we must accept and come to grips with it before our socially forced ideals consume us forever in a world of self-loathing. Poetry Essays

Top 10 Italian Pronunciation Mistakes

Top 10 Italian Pronunciation Mistakes    Learn to speak your best Italian by avoiding these 10 common mistakes all beginners tend to make. 1. Mumbling It might sound obvious if you want to make yourself heard, but you must open your mouth in order to speak Italian. Native English speakers, accustomed to a language that doesnt have the big, round, vowel sounds common in Italian, should remember to open wide and enunciate. 2. Consonants that Count Twice Being able to (and hear the difference, too) is imperative. The Italian language doesnt waste letters; as a phonetic language, it’s spoken the way it’s written. So if a word contains double consonants (cassa, nonno, pappa, serra), you can assume both are pronounced- the meaning changes depending on whether a particular consonant is doubled. If youre unsure how to pronounce i consonanti doppie (), try pronouncing it twice or holding it for an extra beat. 3. Third-to-Last Verbs As with most Italian words, when pronouncing the various conjugated verb forms of the stress falls on the next-to-last syllable. The one exception is the third-person plural form, in which the stress falls on the third-to-last syllable (words in which the accent falls on the third-to-last syllable are known as parole sdrucciole). 4. One in a Million Ask a beginner (or even an intermediate) Italian language learner to pronounce terms such as figlio, pagliacci, garbuglio, glielo, and consigli and often their first reaction is a look of bewilderment: the dreaded gli combination! Even the short-cut explanation that in Italian gli is pronounced like lli in the English word million often doesnt help (nor do other technical descriptions about how to pronounce gli improve the long odds of mastery). Perhaps the most effective way to learn how to pronounce gli is to listen and repeat until it becomes second nature. Remember, though, even Michelangelo was a beginner once. 5. MonDAY to FriDAY Except for Saturday and Sunday, the days of the week in Italian are pronounced with the accent on the last syllable. Theyre even written that way to remind speakers, e.g., lunedà ¬ (Monday), how to pronounce them. But too frequently, non-native speakers ignore the accent and persist in placing the accent on the first (or other) syllable. Dont shortchange the giorni feriali (workdays)- the accent marks the stressed vowel of a word in Italian. 6. On a Roll If you can relate to the following statements, it should be obvious what troubles many who are learning to speak Italian: After several years of studying Italian I’m still unable to pronounce the letter RI would very much like to learn how to roll my Rs when I speak or sing ItalianDoes anyone have any tips on how to learn to roll your Rs? No matter how good my vocabulary or accent gets, this is a dead giveaway that Im a foreigner! Learning how to pronounce the letter r is a struggle for many, but remember: rrrrruffles have rrrrridges! 7. Italian Surnames Everyone knows how to pronounce their last name, right? In fact, posts on the About.com Italian Language forums such as how do I pronounce my last name Cangialosi? are common. Since surnames are obviously a point of pride, its not hard to understand why families would insist on pronouncing them a certain way. But second- and third-generation Italian Americans who have little or no knowledge of Italian are often unaware of how to correctly pronounce their last names, resulting in anglicized versions that bear little resemblance to the original form. When in doubt, ask a native Italian. 8. Its brus-KET-ta Dont correct me when I order. Too often, wait staff at Italian-American restaurants in the U.S. (and diners as well) dont know how to pronounce the word. In Italian, there is only one way to pronounce the letter c when followed by an h- as the English k. 9. The Morning Espresso Down that small cup of very strong coffee and jump on board the fast train to make an early morning meeting. But be sure to order an espresso from the barista, since an express(o) is a train. Its a common mistake heard everywhere, even on printed signs and menus. 10. Media Misinformation Advertising is pervasive nowadays, and because of its influence, it’s a common source of difficulty in pronouncing Italian. Jingles and taglines frequently mangle Italian words and Italian pronunciation beyond recognition, and brand-naming consultants invent pseudo-Italian names for products. Imitate at your own risk.

NonUS Health Care System Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

NonUS Health Care System Analysis - Essay Example The year 1900 saw a symbolic opening of the new century's scientific internationalism with the awarding of the first Nobel prizes. From that point on the nations of the world have become enmeshed in a great variety of regional and global organizations established for every conceivable purpose. International health activities have grown steadily in breadth and complexity, as more and more actors are involved in a process that continues to accelerate. Official agreements between sovereign states in the field of health exist in many forms. Some are developed through membership in multilateral agencies. Others derive from bilateral cooperative contracts between pairs of countries, often developed and developing. Here we will describe the evolution and structure of some of these organizations from about 1900 to the present. Over the three decades from 1874 to 1903 biomedical science advanced far more than it had in the previous three millennia. The acceptance of Darwin's concept of evolution, the application of quantitative reasoning, and developments in chemistry and microscopy led to an unprecedented accumulation of new knowledge. This knowledge, combined with field-based research all over the world, revealed for the first time the means of transmission and causative agent of almost every infectious disease important to human and veterinary medicine. International bickering and the chaos of the worldwide economic depression, with resultant wavering support and a chronic shortage of funds, marked operations of the National Health Service (NHS) in the 1940s. Communication was carried out by (sea) mail, telegrams, and, where possible, by telephone or two-way radio. Obtaining timely information about disease outbreaks in remote areas was a continuing problem. The principles governing the work of the National Health Service were to inform national health authorities on matters of fact, to document them on methods of solving their technical problems and to afford them such direct assistance as they may require. The work of the NHS is divided into two major categories: central technical services and services to governments. The central services include epidemiological intelligence; work toward international agreements concerned with health aspects to travel and commerce; international standardization of vaccines and pharmaceuticals and the dissemination of knowledge through meetings and reports of expert committees, seminars, study groups, and publication of technical and similar literature on national health problems. Headquarters also coordinates the work of several hundred NHS collaborating centers, laboratories, and institutes throughout the country that provide expert consultation and services in many fields. An important contribution to national understanding is made by the NHS fellowship program, under which thousands of persons have gone for brief study tours abroad in fields such as public health administration; environmental health; nursing, maternal and child health; other health services;

The Marine Insurance Act 1906 states 'Subject to the provision of this Assignment

The Marine Insurance Act 1906 states 'Subject to the provision of this Act, every person has an insurable interest who is interested in a marine adventure' - Assignment Example Those with insurable interest in marine insurance includes everyone who would suffer loss in the event of the insured risk occurring. Such include the owner of the consignment under shipping, the seller of the goods, the mortgager and mortgagee among others. The paper will discuss when insurable interest exists according to the Marine Insurance Act 1906 and outline hull and cargo interests which define the types of marine insurance. Noussia (1) and Giaschi (1) note that at around 215 B.C., the Lloyds of London developed measures to ensure that they are protected against losses incurred during their trades as they ship cargo to West Indies. Merchants would come together and have each of them bear part of the maritime risk such that they would share any losses occurring during such adventures. With time, the strategy shifted to using individuals who did not have any interest in these adventures where they would pay premiums to them and transfer maritime risks to them. In the modern world, commercial insurers bear the cost of compensation by accepting premiums depending on the magnitude of the risk involved. According to the National Archives, marine insurance refers to the insurer undertaking to indemnify the assured against losses occurring during a marine adventure as per their agreement, in manner and extent. This could be extended through its express terms to cover against losses on land or inland waters as a consequence of sea voyage. According to the UK Marine Insurance Act 1906, referred to as the mother of all statues on marine insurance by Birds (5), everyone interested in a maritime adventure has insurable interest. Such persons could have a legal relation to the adventure or could have property therein that could be insured, of which, its safety or due arrival would be of direct benefit. Loss, damage or detention of such property

Phd research propsal - Impact of Diabetes among the Lebanese Community Essay

Phd research propsal - Impact of Diabetes among the Lebanese Community in Sydney - Essay Example The potential research questions for this study include; According to a study conducted by World Health Organization (WHO)1, the number of people with diabetes is sharply on the rise in recent years. This study found out that in the year 2000 the number of people affected with the disease was about 171 million worldwide. But more alarming is the projection for the year 2030, if we continue to adopt the existing lifestyle. It has been projected that by 2030 this figure might reach a whopping 366 million. Though, India and China top the list of countries with maximum number of diabetes cases, the share of developing nations is certainly on the rise in the coming years. The increasing cases of diabetes amongst Lebanese people too are a cause of worry. Kristensen et al. (2007) find out that Lebanese population too has a high prevalence of diabetes, and their cultural and belief systems about healthcare worsen the situation of glycaemic regulation. Sydney is host to a large number of Lebanese people, who have been there in search for better job opportunities and better living standards. Now the pertinent question is why to have a focus on the Lebanese population in Sydney. Well, the foremost reason is - to have a focused approach while conducting the research study. In addition, a number of other reasons makes it an interesting topic. Bautista & Engler (2005) state that the Lebanese population in Sydney tends not to have any acculturation to the native Australian culture. There are many studies indicating increased prevalence of diabetes mellitus in these families. These have been ascribed to hereditary factors, food habits, prevalence of metabolic syndrome, and increased consanguinity over many generations (Abou-Daoud, 1969). Acculturation is a social phenomenon where family values tend to play important roles, and social and cultural factors related to the immigrant race determine the patterns of acceptance or resistance of newer cultural

Analysis of Nestles Position in India

Analysis of Nestles Position in India Nestle is one of the largest companies in the world. It produces different types of products and was based in different parts of the world. It was started in 1868 by Henri Nestle, who set up a sales office in London. The company went under the new ownership when Henri Nestle retired in 1875.Nestle opened its first factory in 1901 in UK and got merged with the Anglo-Swiss milk company which was founded by Charles and George page. It has acquired its own brand image over the years by innovating new products and attracting people all over the world with its quality products. Nestle became one of the leading companies in the world when it started producing chocolates. The chocolate production began at Hayes in 1913 and the famous white chocolate Milky Bar was released into the market in 1937. The other products of Nestle are coffee, milk, chocolates etc. The company has its branches in 86 countries like India, Pakistan, US, South Africa, brazil, Sri Lanka, France , Middle east countries etc all over the world and nearly employs 283,000 people. It has over 250,000 shareholders, while most of them are from Swiss. Nestle products are well known in the whole word for their wide range of products which include coffee , infant nutrition, baby products ,chocolates , milk products etc. Nestle products are cheaper when compared to other milk products and chocolates and the reputation in the market is good which makes the company to release wide range of products in the market across the whole world. Nestle is the world leader in the categories of coffee, infant nutrition, chocolates etc. The company respects the opinions of its customers and makes sure that the products are manufactured according to their interests. FIVE COMPONENTS OF ARMSTRONGS MODEL: BASIS: the environmental factors that are to be taken into account as the essential background for the organisations HR strategies. These factors can be analysed by using SWOT or PESTLE analysis. CONTENT: the details of the proposed HR strategies of an organisation must be included RATIONALE: the business case for the strategy. IMPLEMENTATION: finding the ways and plans to implement the proposed HR strategies. COST AND BENEFIT ANALYSIS: analysing the benefits and costs of implementing a strategy and acting according to the outcomes that may occur. NESTLE follows the strategies like commitment strategy, developing trust, culture management etc. By following and implementing these type of strategies, NESTLE has innovated and developed itself throughout the years. Let us evaluate the HR strategy of NESTLE organisation using Michael Armstrongs model for the strategys design. BASIS: the environmental factors of the NESTLE organisation are evaluated using the SWOT analysis. STRENGTHS: The company has a great support from its parent company which has a great influence all over the world. It has huge brand strength all over the world. The brands like NESCAFE, MAGGI and CERELAC which are generic to their product categories are very strong in the Indian market. Around 67% of the population use Nescafe, Maggi and Cerelac for their daily uses. Another main Strength of the company is, it continuously introduces new products in to the market with innovative thoughts and attracts people towards it. It makes sure that its products are manufactured with quality. There are nearly 3500 scientists in the companys RD department to innovate new thoughts and ideas. It is a truly global company which is operated in 77 countries. The competition from other organisations doesnt affect Nestle because of the low cost and high quality it maintains. It has a very strong work force unlike the other organisations. WEAKNESS: Because of the uneven nature of the Indian market, the things get more complicated. It is very much important to maintain good hygiene standards, talented personnel in the food industries like Nescafe. It is very difficult to maintain these standards in the big countries like India which has a complex supply chain management. OPPURTUNITIES: There are lots of opportunities to the company in the huge country like India. There are lots of towns in India where the products of Nescafe are not available. It can extend to those towns and villages and can increase its market. The company can extend its product folio by introducing new products into the market. As India is a huge country with lots of resources and manpower, it can be made as the export hub to achieve better results. Everyone is becoming a health freak now days, including the United States. So, health based products are having great opportunities in the global market. THREATS: The main threat for any organisation is its competitor. There is a huge competition among the organisations. Nestle faces huge competition from the organised and unorganised sectors. Moreover, the Indian government has decreased the import duty of food products, making the things worst. The organisation does not have any threats from the small scale industries but it will have threats from the organisations which are established with large investments and big brand value. The performance of FMCG sector is very less in the past 2-3 years, even though there is a decent pace of growth in the economy of the organisation. Some of the markets in which the company is about to enter, are already mature regarding these products. CONTENT: The main principle of HR strategies of the NESTLE organisation is its products growth through innovation and renovation. The other important strategies are Attracting dynamic employees and giving training to them Developing the management Respecting other cultures and traditions Providing training to the new comers Some other principles of proposed HR strategies are maintaining diversity in the manufacturing of products, despite of introducing several products in to the organisation. RATIONALE: Let us have a look on the business case of proposed HR strategies of NESTLE organisation. NESTLE has its Kit Kat manufacturing plant in York England. Ian Jobson is the manger of that plant. For manufacturing a ton of Kit Kat chocolate, it used to take like 38 man hours. It is a waste of time and man power and even it costs a lot of money to the organisation. To overcome this problem, they have implemented new strategies in the manufacturing of the chocolate. They have innovated and renovated their strategies and came up with a new strategy. They have decreased the human labour and introduced robotics to make the work easier. They used robotics, automated packaging, and production line improvements and they have reduced the manufacturing time to 23 hours. IMPLEMENTATION: NESTLE makes sure that the proposed strategies are implemented without any failure. It provides the necessary resources and necessary funds to the HR department to implement their strategies. It follows different strategies and concepts to reach the better heights and to sustain in this competitive world. It has a research development department, who works on innovation of the new products and renovating the available products of the company. It opens new branches every year to attain a greater grip on the market. It commits to a strong work to achieve better results NESTLE makes sure that it follows all the local laws and legislations, as reputation of the company affects the sales of the organisation It gives rights to the employees to question their superiors about an unfair evaluation It motivates its employees, train them in maintaining teamwork, cooperate and integrate with the organisations strategies. COST AND BENEFIT ANALYSIS: NESTLE tries to decrease the extreme utilization of natural resources. By doing this, it benefits in increasing the human resources, expands contact to the financial resources. The managers and the individual employees are very benefited by the HR strategies of NESTLE. The company believes in the individual achievement of the employees plays a major role in the development of an organisation. To encourage its employees, the HR department has designed a pay structure to its employees. The company even introduced practices like job enlargement to encourage their employees and to break the limitations of their work. Let us evaluate the pay structure of the NESTLE organisation: NESTLE suggests reasonable remunerations to the employees. The level of remuneration is maintained above the average in the industry. The unpredictable part of salary is relatively big in rewarding an individual performance. The variable part of salary for higher management is based on the performances and achievements of the individuals and their team. BENEFITS: The employees can apply up to particular number leaves either personal or medical. They can have the assistance scheme for their childrens education. The organisation offers provident fund to their employees. The other benefits for the employees include retirement gratuity scheme, conveyance repayments, insurance for accidents etc. The other concepts that can be included are providing recruitment services, talent management and international HR etc. The recruitment services of NESTLE are very much recognised all over the world for their methods of recruitment. They dont just try to fill the jobs but makes sure that the right person is selected for the right job. They select the people who are dynamic, hard working, flexible and honest. Those candidates are selected whose values are similar to the companys culture. The HR officials are the one who takes the final decision in selecting a person. The company even maintains a Rewards and Employee relations team, which provides guide lines to the employees in necessary situations. They provide guidance to the line managers, HR managers, research and development department etc. It provides a health environment to its employees. In a multi-national company like NESTLE, the employee turnover is less than 5%. EMPLOYEE RELATIONS: Nestle gives importance to the personal life of their employees. So, it makes sure that the work life and personal life of their employees is balanced. It maintains a separate policy in which work/life balance is given importance. REWARDS AND INCENTIVES: Nestle encourages its employees by giving rewards and incentives. By doing this, the employees who are eager to win awards will work hard for the development of the organisation. Competitiveness among the employees will result in the growth of the organisation. So, the organisation even offers a competitive reward package to its employees. The company awards NESTLE idea award every quarter to the employees who come up with innovative ideas. These are the different concepts and theories of NESTLE. CONCLUSION: Michael Armstrong gave a brief explanation on the components that are to be included in the Human Resource strategies of an organisation. He covered all the important aspects which play a major role in the development of an organisation. By evaluating the HR strategy of NESTLE using Michael Armstrongs strategy model, we can understand that NESTLE is very keen and careful regarding the strategies it had implemented and it is going to implement in the future. NESTLE concentrated on its strengths, its weaknesses, the opportunities it has and the threats it has to face and planned strategies to face these problems. By the Michael Armstrong five components model the HR strategies are evaluated. In the first component basis for the organisation, HR strategies are estimated using SWOT analysis and the strengths and weaknesses are evaluated and future opportunities and threats are analysed. In the second component content the innovation and renovation of the Nestle organisation are discussed where the strategies state the need for development in the management and opportunities for the skilled employees. In the third component, Rationale shows the reduced man power to increase productivity by using robotics as a strategy which gave good results by decreasing man power to 23 hours from 38 hours. In the fourth component implementation stated that the need for urgency for the development of organisation by increasing the branches of nestle every year. In the fifth component cost and benefit analysis states the remuneration of the employees it depends on the individual performance which reflects the NESTLE organisations growth.

The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams Essay -- Glass Menagerie Ten

The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams -Joseph K. Davis, " Landscapes of the Dislocated Mind in Williams' 'The Glass Menagerie'," in Tennessee Williams: A Tribute Tom and his sister Laura is symbolically the actual glass menagerie, the play belongs to neither of them. The play belongs to their mother, Amanda, as substantiated by the above quote from Joseph K. Davis. Amanda indulges herself in memories of the past and refuses to accept the present. The play is also hers because it is her "tragedy". It is about how she behaves after her husband leaves her and her reaction when her son shows signs of doing the same. She also controls the two conflicts of the play, as well as the glass menagerie represents her fragile world of illusions and memories of the past. Amanda's control over the two conflicts of the play exists in the fact that she creates them. She supplies the conflict between herself and Tom as well as provides the conflict of having Laura marry. In the case of Tom she constantly nags him and questions where is he. Is going and then openly states her doubts of his truthfulness. Her nagging starts in the beginning of the play in her conversation with Tom, in which she tells him how to eat his food. Later she tells him how costliness of his smoking habit, " You smoke too much. A pack a day at fifteen cents a pack. How much would that amount to in a month? ". Later in the play she also manages to comment on Tom's appearance and how she wished he would take better care of himself in that respect. She also accuses Tom of lying about where he is going at night. When he says that he is at the movies she states that he could not possibly be going to the movies every night, " Nobody goes to the .. ...longer a Southern Belle just standing around waiting for rich men to come by and propose. By her speaking like a Southern Belle, she is connected her to the world she creates of illusions and the one for show. The connections are achieved by the fact that in the past she was Southern Belle with many rich suitors vying for her hand in marriage. This is also an illusion because she is no longer a Southern Belle but tries to maintain that front. It is also this connection to her illusions of the past that combines the proof that this is her play. She is the one who creates the world she lives in to protect herself from the tragedy of her husband leaving her. She is also the one who causes the conflict of the play out of her illusions of the past and therefore she is the person who dramatizes the tragedy of not living honestly and fully in the present.

Ralph Waldo Emerson Essay

The recent announcement by the government to declare Telengana as the 29th state with 10 districts and Hyderabad as a common Capital has opened a Pandora’s Box of similar clamors. Many groups have stepped up their game demanding for their own statehood. The government will have to ponder many factors before redrawing boundaries and splitting up states. ‘Nationalism’ has always remained the most controversial creed in the political theory. It cannot be merely defined as the casual association of people within a territory. It is the sharing of some popular beliefs, ascribing a common political identity to its entire people and sharing a common history. In this context the internal outcries for separate statehood cannot be ignored prima facie. Also more and more stifling of these demands will be a call for disaster. These types of internal conflicts have always been a head-ache for governments worldwide and they are still searching for a way-out. India is a nation lauded for ‘Unity in Diversity’ and a large number of minority groups of ethnic, tribal, cultural and social origin exist within the country and have been living harmoniously since Independence. They have been amply protected under our Constitution taking into consideration their capacity to influence the populace so that their voice too is eloquently heard in a highly democratic nation like ours. However in case they feel subjugated or threatened they have the full right to protest. Their demand for separate statehood comes from the limbo they have remained in since time immemorial. They feel that a separate autonomous state would give them a better chance of survival, development and above all better administration. Andhra Pradesh when formed by the union of British-States and princely provinces after Independence was on linguistic basis i. e. they all spoke Telugu. However Jawaharlal Nehru said at the time that in case anyone feels uneasy by their counterparts they can ask for dissociation. The plea for Telengana as a separate state had been going on for several years abrogating its ties with coastal Andhra Pradesh and Rayalseema. What triggered the demand was its continuing negligence in developmental schemes for the state. However, stiff opposition has also risen from the latter regions thereby placing the government in a quandary. The internecine demands for Hyderabad as Capital of the state, by both the regions have exacerbated the situation. It has conclusively served as a bolster to similar demands from other parts of the nation. The Nagas, an ethnic group claims that they have been demanding for a bigger Nagaland by consolidating the Nagas from various Eastern states like Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur and Assam from time immemorial and hence they should be the first to be considered. The cry for Vidarbha, an autonomous state in Maharashtra, Gorkhaland in West Bengal have become more ferocious. There has also been a demand to split up the large Uttar Pradesh into four states for better administration-Avadh Pradesh, Purvanchal, Bundelkhand and Paschim Pradesh. The armed conflicts by Kukis, an ethnic group in Manipur is also for their own state. The conflicts ended after signing a Suspension of Agreements (SoA) in 2005 by the Indian Army and the Kuki National Party and United People’s Front, the two main parties under whose umbrella the protests were organized. The Agreement was signed after the promise from Prime Minister to hold conducive talks which is yet to take place. State wide protests and hartaals have already begun in all these states since the announcement for Telengana. However the premise of the argument that smaller state means better administration is fallacious in nature. Splitting up of the nation into several small states might result in the fact that their voices might be trampled upon. It will take some time until they become really autonomous recovering from the protests and conflicts with a stable economy. In such a scenario a hostile contiguous state sharing its boundary is certainly not conducive. Also it will be only a matter of time for these demands to take on a communal character. That is a price we have already paid for and are suffering from its after impacts even today. The government has to hold many productive talks and discussions with the states concerned and should thoroughly look for all other viable options before hastening into any decision. Therefore taking a holistic view and after careful deliberation only the decision to demarcate and redraw boundaries forming more and more states should be taken.

How US Territories, Like Puerto Rico, Obtain Statehood

How US Territories, Like Puerto Rico, Obtain Statehood The process by which U.S. territories attain full statehood is, at best, an inexact art. While Article IV, Section 3 of the U.S. Constitution empowers the U.S. Congress to grant statehood, the process for doing so is not specified. Key Takeaways: U.S. Statehood Process The U.S. Constitution gives Congress the power to grant statehood but does not establish the process for doing so. Congress is free to determine the conditions of statehood on a case-by-case basis.According to the Constitution, a new state cannot be created by splitting or merging existing states unless both the U.S. Congress and the legislatures of the states involved approve.In most past cases, Congress has required that the people of the territory seeking statehood vote in a free referendum election, then petition the U.S. government for statehood. The Constitution merely declares that new states cannot be created by merging or splitting existing states without the approval of both the U.S. Congress and the states legislatures. Otherwise, Congress is given the authority to determine the conditions for statehood. The Congress shall have Power to dispose of and make all needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory or other Property belonging to the United States†¦ - U.S. Constitution, Article IV, Section 3, clause 2. Congress typically requires the territory applying for statehood to have a certain minimum population. In addition, Congress requires the territory to provide evidence that a majority of its residents favor statehood. However, Congress is under no constitutional obligation to grant statehood, even in those territories whose population expresses a desire for statehood. The Typical Process Historically, Congress has applied the following general procedure when granting territories statehood: The territory holds a referendum vote to determine the peoples desire for or against statehood.Should a majority vote to seek statehood, the territory petitions the U.S. Congress for statehood.The territory, if it has not already done so, is required to adopt a form of government and constitution that are in compliance with the U.S. Constitution.The U.S. Congress - both House and Senate - pass, by a simple majority vote, a joint resolution accepting the territory as a state.The President of the United States signs the joint resolution and the territory is acknowledged as a U.S. state. The process attaining statehood can literally take decades. For example, consider the case of Puerto Rico and its attempt to become the 51st state. The Puerto Rico Statehood Process Puerto Rico became a United States territory in 1898 and people born in Puerto Rico have automatically been granted full U.S. citizenship since 1917 by an act of Congress. In 1950, the U.S. Congress authorized Puerto Rico to draft a local constitution. In 1951, a constitutional convention was held in Puerto Rico to draft the constitution.In 1952, Puerto Rico ratified its territorial constitution establishing a republican form of government, which was approved by the U.S. Congress as being â€Å"not repugnant† to the U.S. Constitution and the functional equivalent of a valid state constitution. Then things like the Cold War, Vietnam, September 11, 2001, the Wars on Terror, the great recession and lots of politics put Puerto Rico’s statehood petition on Congress’ back burner for over 60 years.   On November 6, 2012, the territorial government of Puerto Rico held a two-question public referendum vote on petitioning for U.S. statehood. The first question asked voters if Puerto Rico should continue to be a U.S. territory. The second question asked voters to choose from among the three possible alternatives to territorial status - statehood, independence, and nationhood in free association with the United States. In the vote count, 61% of the voters chose statehood, while only 54% voted to retain territorial status.In August 2013, a U.S. Senate committee heard testimony on Puerto Rico’s 2012 statehood referendum vote and acknowledged that the majority of the Puerto Rican people had â€Å"expressed their opposition to continuing the current territorial status.†On February 4, 2015, Puerto Rico’s Resident Commissioner in the U.S. House of Representatives Pedro Pierluisi, introduced the Puerto Rico Statehood Admission Process Act (H.R. 727). The bill authorizes Puerto Rico’s State Elections Commission to hold a vote on Puerto Ricos admission into the Union as a state within one year after the Acts enactment. If a majority of the votes cast are for Puerto Ricos admission as a state, the bill requires the president of the United States to issue a proclamation to begin the transition process that will result in Puerto Ricos admission as a state effective January 1, 2021. On June 11, 2017, the people of Puerto Rico voted for U.S. statehood in a nonbinding referendum. Preliminary results showed that almost 500,000 ballots were cast for statehood, more than 7,600 for free association-independence, and almost 6,700 for retaining the current territorial status. Only about 23% of the island’s approximately 2.26 million registered voters cast ballots, leading to statehood opponents to doubt the validity of the result. Puerto Rico’s governor will now select two senators and five representatives to go to Washington, D.C., to ask the U.S. Congress to grant the territory statehood.  Despite the size of the vote in favor of statehood, the extremely low voter turnout may lessen the likelihood that Congress will grant the request.Note: While Puerto Rico’s resident commissioners to the House are allowed to introduce legislation and take part in debates and committee hearings, they are not allowed to actually vote on legislation. Similarly, no n-voting resident commissioners from the other U.S territories of American Samoa, the District of Columbia (a federal district), Guam and the U.S. Virgin Islands also serve in the House. So if the U.S. legislative process eventually smiles on the Puerto Rico Statehood Admission Process Act, the entire process of transition from U.S. territory to U.S. state will have taken the Puerto Rican people over 71 years.   While some territories have significantly delayed petitioning for statehood, including Alaska (92 years) and Oklahoma (104 years), no valid petition for statehood has ever been denied by the U.S. Congress. Powers and Duties of All US States Once a territory has been granted statehood, it has all the rights, powers and duties established by the U.S. Constitution. The new state is required to elect delegates to the U.S. House of Representatives and the Senate.The new state has the right to adopt a state constitution.The new state is required to form legislative, executive, and state judicial branches as necessary to effectively govern the state.The new state is granted all of those governmental powers not reserved to the federal government under the Tenth Amendment to the Constitution.

Princess Elizabeth Becomes Queen at Age 25

Princess Elizabeth Becomes Queen at Age 25 Princess Elizabeth (born Elizabeth Alexandra Mary on April 21, 1926) became Queen Elizabeth II in 1952 at the age of 25. Her father, King George VI suffered from lung cancer for much of his later life and died in his sleep on February 6, 1952, at age 56. Upon his death, Princess Elizabeth, his oldest daughter, became Queen of England.   The Death and Burial of King George VI Princess Elizabeth and her husband, Prince Philip, were in East Africa when King George died. The couple had been visiting Kenya as part of the beginning of a planned five-month tour of Australia and New Zealand when they received the news of King Georges death. With this very sad news, the couple immediately made plans to return to Great Britain. While Elizabeth was still flying home, Englands Accession Council met to officially determine who was the heir to the throne. By 7 p.m. it was announced that the new monarch would be Queen Elizabeth II. When Elizabeth arrived in London, she was met at the airport by Prime Minister  Winston Churchill  to begin preparation for the viewing and burial of her father. After laying in state at Westminster Hall for over 300,000 people to pay respect to his image, King George VI was buried on February 15, 1952,  at St. Georges Chapel in Windsor, England. The funeral procession involved the entire royal court and 56 chimes from Big Ben, one for each year of the kings life.   The First Television Broadcast Royal Coronation Over a year after her fathers death, Queen Elizabeth IIs coronation was held at Westminster Abbey  on June 2, 1953. It was the first televised coronation in history (yet excluded the communion and anointing). Before the coronation, Elizabeth II and Phillip, Duke of Edinburgh, moved into Buckingham Palace in preparation for her reign.   Although it was highly believed that the royal house would assume Philips name, becoming the  House of Mountbatten, Elizabeth IIs grandmother, Queen Mary, and Prime Minister Churchill favored retaining the  House of Windsor.  Ã‚  Ultimately, Queen Elizabeth II released a proclamation on April 9, 1952, a full year before the coronation, that the royal house would remain as Windsor. However, after the death of Queen Mary in March of 1953, the name Mountbatten-Windsor was adopted for male-line descendants of the couple.   Despite Queen Marys untimely death three months prior, the coronation in June continued as planned, as the former queen had requested before her death. The coronation gown worn by Queen Elizabeth II was embroidered with the floral symbols of Commonwealth countries including the English Tudor rose, Welsh leek, Irish shamrock, Scots thistle, Australian wattle, New Zealand silver fern, South African protea, Indan and Ceylon lotus, Pakistani wheat, cotton, and jute and the Canadian maple leaf.   The Current Royal Family of England As of February 2017, Queen Elizabeth II is still the reigning queen of England at 90 years old. The current royal family consists of her offspring with  Philip. Their son Charles, Prince of Wales, married his first wife Diana, who bore their sons Prince Henry (of Wales) and William (Duke of Cambridge), who in turn married Kate (Duchess of Cambridge), who bore Prince George and Princesses Charlotte (of Cambridge). Prince Charles married Camilla (Duchess of Cornwall) in 2005. Elizabeths daughter Princess Royal Anne married Captain Mark Phillips and bore Peter Phillips and Zara Tindall, both of which married and had children (Peter fathered Savannah and Isla with wife Autumn Phillips and Zara mothered Mia Grace with husband Mike Tendall). Queen Elizabeth IIs son Andrew (Duke of York) married Sarah (Duchess of York) and sired Princesses Beatrice and Eugenia of York. The queens youngest son, Edward (Earl of Wessex) married Sophie (Countess of Wessex) who gave birth to Lady Louise Windsor and Viscount Severn James.

Management Control Systems Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Management Control Systems - Term Paper Example According to Bedford (2006), different MCS components represent a package if they function jointly with the purpose of attaining organisational outcomes. Following this line of discussion, it is further stated that if the links between the control system components (for instance, financial plan and organisation’s traditions) are not sufficient, then the system may not execute its planned functions. That is, the MCS may be unsuccessful to control behaviour in the anticipated manner (Macintosh & Quattrone, 2010, p. 41). Management control systems (MCS) facilitate businesses to raise the possibility that workers take decisions and actions that are in the businesses' best interest. There are a number of management control components or systems, for instance, accounting controls or non-accounting controls such as conduct and clan controls. Management control components or systems do not function independently, but might connect and influence one another. This notion of MCS function ing as a package has been there for decades pursued by calls to evaluate this feature. The complexity in evaluating particular constituents of MCS individually from other organisational controls is the chance for severe under-specification. Hence, it is essential to know the way arrangements of controls can be united to go well with the specific situation of the organisation. The term package indicates to several MCS being used within businesses that can either be purposely planned or synchronized or not. In the first instance, the complete system could be known as a MCS. The second case portrays a condition within which the various operational MCS are not synchronized deliberately such as due to the design and execution by diverse organisational divisions, and should not be considered as single system but instead as a package of systems. â€Å"Thus, the term ‘MCS package’ leaves open the questions whether and how its management control elements or MCS are coordinatedà ¢â‚¬  (Macintosh & Quattrone, 2010, p. 63). Regardless of its justifiable position within management control study, contingency theoretic approach has developed on organisational eventuality presumption. Organisational issues have described management accounting as well as control systems existence and aim, but the results have stayed somewhat disjointed. This is perhaps because earlier contingent issues - that is, the management control systems further than what is studied - have an effect on the central MCS more than isolated organisational traits and factors. Thus, package approach to MCS has chance to create a contingency presumption of management accounting. As a general notion, a management control systems (MCS) package is a group or set of controls as well as control systems. The individual control systems may be extra conventional accounting controls, for instance, finances and financial measures, or organisational controls, for instance, organisation structure and governan ce systems, together with more socially based controls like principles and traditions. The structure of Malmi and Brown (2008) contain five separate control components: planning, cybernetic, reward and compensation, administrative and cultural controls. Planning controls have two special control systems that are ‘long range planning’ and ‘action planning’. Long range planning usually has a further strategic concentration while action planning has a tactical concentration. The component of planning control has a number of special roles. They create the objectives that facilitate in directing effort as well as activities within an organisation. They as well facilitate correspondence by supporting objectives

Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Case study - Essay Example The criteria can enable an organization to effectively align assets with quality strategies such as ISO 9001 and Six Sigma, and improve performance throughout the organization in a general way. Baldrige also helps to recognize and monitor vital organizational outcomes such as customer responses, product and service delivery, financial assets, human resource, and the general effectiveness of an organization in the market. Every organization will need an-encompassing strategy, especially if the executives are looking for a measure that can be used to connect the product brand with the organizational culture and internal practices (Poister, 2003). Key internal functions, which should be linked with the commodities, include strategic planning and the satisfaction of various stakeholders, e.g. customers, and employees as well as suppliers. In a nutshell, Baldrige measures and advances leadership, strategic planning, information analysis, consumer and market focus, evaluation of human reso urces, process management, and business results (Ferguson, 2008). Six Sigma According to Poister (2003), Six Sigma entails statistically-centered processes, which improves organizational performance for continuing process development. By implementing Six Sigma, an organization can reduce defects substantially. This is usually done by spotting and removing the triggers of variation in organizational processes. In identifying defects, the criteria focus on creating precise descriptions of customer needs and expectations and are therefore consumer-oriented. The main pillars of Six Sigma include continuous analysis of the consumer’s needs; vigorous employment of facts in the identification and measurement of variation in all business processes such as production; and recognition of the actual origin of defects or variation for their elimination. Ferguson (2008) avers that through Six Sigma, an organization would seek to put in place a pro-active executive team focusing on the pre vention of problem; enhance the setting up of unrelenting improvement measures and constant aiming for perfection through effective collaboration between different units within the organization (Poister, 2003). Six Sigma is premised upon multiple and successful approaches to quality improvement measures and encompasses unique strategies of its own. When compared to other quality control and improvement criteria such as Baldrige, Six Sigma is seen as a better methodology for recognizing the causes of particular quality defects and eliminating those problems. Notably, Six Sigma can be employed as an adjunct measure to other options in order to improve quality improvement systems. ISO 9001 Poister (2003) indicates that ISO 9001 is a methodology for managing quality standards within an organization. A Quality Management System, which ISO 9001 is known to measure, is a system of elaborately defined business structures, functions, duties, and assets used to support and develop on given qu ality thresholds. The criteria can be employed in the measurement of the general quality of an organization’s management programs and practices. An ISO 9001 certification ought to assure customers of an organization that the quality thresholds have been met by implementing standard policies with the aim of producing competitive products and services. Through ISO 9001, documenting the details of an organization’s processes can be achieved. This documentation is very important when it comes to

Marketing Analysis Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marketing Analysis Report - Essay Example The company offers a range of products, in the form of flight transport services to passengers worldwide, both from Canada to different parts of the world, and vice-versa. The company products solve a range of individual, organizational and societal problems, through offering schedule flights to individuals who are seeking to travel to different destinations of the world, thus solving a societal problem. It also offers other individualized services such as cargo services to individuals and organizations dealing in the cargo business (Mills, 2006). The company also offers specialized Air Canada Jazz and Air Canada Jetz specifically for organizations and some individuals who would want to experience flexible departure and arrival time, and who cannot fit into the normal scheduled flight timetable. The individuals or organizations using this service are granted privacy, security and convenience, while also being granted customized services (Yerema & Leung, 2013). It also offers vacation services courtesy of Air Canada rouge, specifically for leisure purposes, through chartered flights to over 200 different leisure destinations worldwide. Another product offered by the company is the Air Canada Express, connecting over 90 Canadian cities (Milton, 2004). Pricing for the different products offered by the company is on a product-to-product basis, while promotions are done through mainstream media; both print and broadcast, social media, as well as promotional campaigns and special-offers advertising. Environmental Scan Regulatory environmental factors had been favorable for Air Canada in the early years up to the 1970s, where the government applied regulations to ensure that the company had an upper hand over the other privately-owned airlines. The government restricted short haul carriers to only one destination for other airlines, while allowing Air Canada to serve several destinations (Milton, 2004). Its main competitor, CP Air was restricted in terms of the interc ontinental capacity, while also being restricted from operating domestic flights. However, in 1987 deregulation of the Canada air market was introduced, and subsequently stiff competition set in, between Air Canada and other regional operators (Mills, 2006). Stiff competition for the company is mainly from Pacific Western Airline. The economic environment for the company was tough especially in the early 2000s, when the company pursued a merger with its major rival, Canadian Airlines, but realized that its economic situation was worse, an occurrence that led to financial problems and cargo and flight delays. This eventually led to a declaration of bankruptcy in early 2003, but the company recovered in the following year, and managed to strategize and resolved the financial problems (Milton, 2004). Nevertheless, the technological environment has impacted positively on the company’s business, through increasing business and repeat customer purchases. The company’s utiliz ation of its technology is impressive, with the company offering a range of technological services to its customers, such as

Egocentricity of Pechorin vs Jason Essay Example for Free

Egocentricity of Pechorin vs Jason Essay In this essay I will compare the egocentricity of the characters of Pechorin from the Russian novel, A Hero of Our Time by Lermontov, and Jason from the Greek Tragedy Medea, written by Euripides. I have selected the topic of egocentricity or self-absorption for it is prevalent in both works in respect to Pechorin and Jason where they show little if any regard for anyone but themselves throughout the works. However the time differences and social and cultural conditions of the time and place the works were written must be taken into consideration. I feel that the theme of complete selfishness and the consequences that follow is strongest in respect to Jason and Pechorin and I will compare and provide evidence for such an argument in both works. I will start by analysing Jasons utterly selfish behaviour throughout the Ancient Greek play Medea, written by Euripides. Jason is a completely egocentric character but he doesnt have as much depth or complexity as Pechorin in A Hero of Our Time which is partly due to when this play was written in ancient Greece. Society was very different people were devouted Pagans and lived in a world of superstition. Also literature was no way near as advanced however Medea still contains the fundamentals such as psychology. Jason is motivated solely by self-interest, his only motivation to court Medea in the play is the fact that she has mystical powers to get him what he wants; the Golden Fleece, for which he will get a generous reward in return. Jason even allows Medea to kill her own brother out of lust and be banished from her homeland forever by her father as a consequence. Unfortunately Jason is to self-involved to even comprehend how his Actions would affect Medea and their children. Again we see further evidence of Jasons egocentricity when he divorces Medea and abandons his kids for Glauce, princess of Corinth. He doesnt consider the affect on Medea and their children for he is blinded by his selfishness, he doesnt even mind that they are going to get banished as long as he increases his political and social status. His only defence is that he will one day be king and they will inherit the kingdom, which has no validity for he has already betrayed her trust and showed no sign of guilt and is just trying to justify himself. Even the nurse says that his marriage is for social status not love, Jason has betrayed his own sons, and my mistress, for royal bed.i Unfortunately we dont get to see Jasons interaction with friends in this play, which I would guess to be very short sighted and shallow as usual. Jason seems to have an extreme lack of morals when it comes to his own actions such as abandoning his wife and kids simply for political gain. Also his motivation for this immoral action was money and political power not love for Glauce, which is immoral. The final similarity between the two characters is regret. Jason ends up in deep regret for his action for the outcome is the death of his new wife Glauce and his children as well as his almost social castration as a result. He learns that egocentricity leads to self-destruction for you lose sight of other peoples feeling and dont take them into consideration. Where Jasons Character differs from Pechorin is in respect to his emotion place in the work and his inability to except his faults. Jasons only real sign of emotion throughout the play is the within respect to the murder of his children. What? Killed my sons? That word kills me.ii This shows the pain he must have felt inside with this loss. Jason also seems to have an inability to admit his faults. He is blinded by his self-involvement, which is evidence of insecurity for living in your own world protects your from reality. Finally I feel that Jasons role in the play is more of a villain, which could be because the play is mainly Medeas view. A template of how not to get caught up in shallow insecurities, where as Pechorin in A Hero of Our Time is portrayed as more of a modern Hero where he has faults which make him easier to relate to and a much more believable character. Pechorin is also a portrayed with an immoral and selfish attitude in the Novel, A Hero of Our time. Yet Pechorin is given a lot more human characteristics and is described in much more detail with points probing on the physiological aspects even though its just pre-Freud. It was written 2332 years after Medea from a different culture and is a much larger work therefore is bound to be different in style. Pechorin is definitely as selfish as Jason is, if not more so. He uses all his so-called romantic relationships to gain control and domination over the hearts of young women. Firstly with Bela he trades her for a Horse he stole. How immoral is firstly stealing and then trading a women as an object? Because of this her father is killed and her brother rides off so shes left with literally nothing. He soon got bored of her and barely felt anythin at her death. Later on in his relationship with Princess Mary he is similarly selfish. He wants Princess Mary for shes in high demand as wee as a challenge and he feels the need to win her, in part of this was due to his old friend Grusnitski who also desired Mary. Pechorin saw this as a challenge and didnt even consider the effect it would have on Mary and Grusninski and didnt really care for hes caught up in his own world. He even sets out to destroy Grusnitskis reputation and ends up killing him. He is also very immoral in respect to the treatment of friends such as Maxim Maxyvich. He is disrespectful towards Maxim for he feels that he is now old and useless to him, which is shown at their unexpected reunion where Pechorin is very selfish and immoral. Pechorin also experiences regret like Jason in Medea, but his regret builds up and turns into bitterness. Passions are merely ideas in their initial stage. They are the property of youth, and anyone who expects to feel their thrill throughout life is a fool.iii Pechorin has not been able to find true passion or love throughout his life. He has quickly got bored of every relationship he has been in and is bitter to the fact that true love has never found him. Evidence that he could once feel emotion would lie in when he felt joy in the memory of the sulphur springs. Now this has forced him to become callus and use everyone to hide from his empty heart. However Pechorin does admit he has faults, Ambition has been crushed in me by circumstances, but it comes out in another way, for ambition is nothing more than a lust for power and my chief delight is to dominate those around me.iv But doesnt justify them or even try to change. I believe his self-analysis is shallow and this ties in to his duality as a person, which prevents him from expressing emotion. For a long time now Ive lived by intellect, not feeling. I weigh and analyse my emotions and actions with close interest, but complete detachment. There are two men within me one lives in the full sense if the word and the other reflects and judges him.v Finally I feel that Pechorin is portrayed more as the new Hero of our Time.vi Who isnt old fashioned but strong and unconventional with human faults that we can relate to therefore hes definitely the protagonist of the novel and an affective chara cter.

Of mice and men Essay examples -- essays research papers

Of Mice and Men   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Of Mice and Men was written during a period of racism. In the 1960's it was important for everyone to get along with eachother because not everyone was equal. George and Lennie showed a great part in friendship throught the whole book. At the ranch in Selinas mostly everyone showed friendship in some way. Friendship was a great factor when the book was published because of all the racism going on at the time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Friendship has a big part to do with Lennie and George’s dream of owning a small farm and raising animals. George and Lennie both set their mind to accomplish their dream and go to work on a ranch for little pay. Another friend of George overhears George and Lennie talking about their idea, Candy offers to put in his monthly wage to buy the farm as long as he lives on it. Lennie and George have to go through many things on the farm and still stick together like brothers. Curley, the son of the boss, runs most of the ranch and has a mean attitude towards George and Lennie, George then realizes that no one cares for Lennie like he does. George and Curley’s wife create a strong bond throughout the book , but George wants nothing to do with it because he is there to accomplish his goal not to start relationships. Many factors in this book show a sense of friendship in some way.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Both George and Lennie build a strong friendship with the men at the ranch even though it m...

Yale’s Five Stage Developmental Model

Using Yale’s five-stage developmental model, identify the stages of Ronald Reagan’s first presidential campaign giving specific examples from history. Give specific attention to applying the stages of a campaign history. Document your sources using APA format. You must use EBSCO or other on-line sources available through Amberton Library. You may also use books available through Ebrary and net library to complete this assignment. These on-line books are available on the library’s on-line resources. Do not try to complete this assignment by using websites for speeches. Yale’s five stage developmental model gives us examples of what should happen from the beginning to end of a political campaign, product-line marketing scheme, or ideological campaign such as Christianity or Scientology. In the case of our 40th president, Ronald Reagan, you can see these steps put into action during his first run for the Presidential Office back in 1979. Yale’s model identifies the first step in the five stages as Identification. According to the text, Charles U. Larson (2010) Identification is the position you establish in the minds of your audience P. 83-289. The audience can be a congregation, fans, voters, and potential converts. In the case of Ronald Reagan, during his first campaign he would have wanted to bring favor upon himself in the eyes as many Americans as he possibly could; especially the Electoral College. He did, in fact, win over the nation & the Electoral College. The second step is Identification. According to Larson (2010), Identification in Yale’s model refers to â€Å"establishing a position in the minds of consumers, voters, and potential converts† p. 283. To achieve making their mark on the minds of potential customers a product line may simply use a name that encompasses what they offer, Newsweek is the example used in Larson (2010) â€Å"It suggests that it contains the news of the past week† p. 283. Identification can also be established with the use symbols, as in the case with McDonalds. The unmistakable â€Å"golden arches† of McDonalds can be seen for what seems like miles by children. During the 1980 election, a bumper sticker the Reagan Campaign released was a simple design with a large impact. The sticker’s basic blue background with the word â€Å"Reagan† in large white print sticks out along with â€Å"for president† down below the name; simple, yet effective. This sticker gives Identification to Reagan the man, the candidate, and Regan the brand name. Taking a step towards Yale’s first step, Identification, is also evident in The Reagan Campaign’s goals after he won the GOP July 7th 1980. As Michael Malbin noted, â€Å"Ronald Reagan had three strategic goals for the Republican convention. . . . He wanted to maintain the enthusiasm of the conservative supporters who won him the nomination. He wanted to reach out to centrist and moderate Republicans, particularly to white-collar suburbanites who might be thinking about voting for independent candidate John Anderson. Finally, he wanted to build on his appeal to normally Democratic blue-collar workers. † Skinner, Kiron; Bruce, Bueno de Mesquita,; Kudelia, Serhiy (2008) stated Reagan’s acceptance speech on July 17 was the most precise expression of these aspirations to date† p. 170. The Reagan Campaign takes the final step towards Identification by appealing to the American people as someone with peace on Earth in mind. This is evident from his stance on foreign relations and the military. Reagan appeals to many Americans who are not happy with the current administrations performance over the previous four years. Reagan stated in Skinner, Kiron; Bruce, Bueno de Mesquita; Kudelia, Serhiy’s (2008) â€Å"Of all the objectives we seek, first and foremost is the establishment of lasting world peace. We must always stand ready to negotiate in good faith, ready to pursue any reasonable avenue that holds forth the promise of lessening tensions and furthering the prospects of peace. But let our friends and those who may wish us ill take note: the United States has an obligation to its citizens and to the people of the world never to let those who would destroy freedom dictate the future course of human life on this planet. I would regard my election as proof that we have renewed our resolve to preserve world peace and freedom† p. 171. Although his contenders would try to portray Reagan as a warmonger, he repeatedly told voters that it was not his intent to make war but rather to create peace by building superior forces. Legitimacy is the second step in Yale’s model and simply put is being considered trustworthy and believable by your target audience. An example in the text states that a candidate, Larson (2010) â€Å"gains legitimacy by winning his political party’s primary election† p. 285; thus us the case in 1979 when Ronald Reagan won the Republican’s nod as the candidate for president in the election of 1980. In fact, it was more the illegitimacy of the Carter Campaign that helped Ronald Reagan charm voters. Voters that were upset over low employment, the economy, and foreign policy were a driving factor behind the fears Americans felt. Voters were ripe and the Reagan Campaign was there for the picking. Scheele, Henry Z (1981) â€Å"Ronald Reagan benefited in part from the conditions of his times, the unpopularity of the seemingly inept incumbent President, the division within the Democratic Party, and the resurgence of conservative thought in much of America† p. 274. Yale’s third step in the model is, Participation. Larson (2010) states that â€Å"the legitimacy stage of campaigns usually blends so smoothly with the participation stage that it is almost impossible to tell when one ends and the next begins â€Å" p. 286. The Participation step involves recruitment and involvement of previously uncommitted persons, although, this can be difficult to detect during political campaigns. The fine line between supporter and potential adversary can be as simple as the results of a primary election, as is in the case in the Republican Primary elections, which began in January 1980. George H. W.  Bush ran against Ronald Reagan in the 1980 Republican primaries. After George Bush was ultimately defeated, Reagan appointed Bush as his potential Vice President and running mate. The line of when George bush, previously uncommitted, became recruited by the Reagan Campaign is distinct. It occurred when George H. W. Bush accepted the offer to run beside Ronald Reagan. The fourth step in Yale’s model is known as Penetration. Larson (2010) â€Å"The penetration stage can be defined as the point at which a person, product, or idea has earned a meaningful share of the market, electorate, or other constituency. Meaningful might be defined as enough to be noticed by the opposition brand, candidate, or cause â€Å"p. 289. Winning an election is not a prerequisite for having penetrated a certain party’s ranks as a contender. In fact, simply being able to collect a substantial amount of votes can suffice in establishing legitimacy and therefore penetration can occur. Once could say that George H. W. Bush was not a significant in the 1980 Republican primary because he came in second place with a mere 3,070,033 votes, 23. 81 % of the total. However, this number was enough to earn Bush’s legitimacy as a Presidential contender and helped earn him the Vice Presidential position. The final step in Yale’s five step model is Distribution. This step involves the campaign or product showing a positive return to the voters or consumers in the form of success. Larson (2010) states that the distribution step takes place â€Å"as a campaign or movement’s succeeding and rewarding supporters in some way. The candidates now live up their promises. They signal their supporters that social change is going to occur† p. 289. A moment that stands out as a time when Ronald Reagan delivered a positive return to those who supported him and voted fro him in the 1980 Presidential election, is how he responded to the assassination attempt on his life. Allen, Richard V (2001) â€Å"On March 30th 1981, President Reagan was shot by a young man named John W. Hinckley Jr. while leaving a Washington hotel. â€Å" p. 64. But being shot by a would-be assassin is not what appealed to the American public, it’s the way he handled his ordeal and bounced back with such grace and professionalism; he took the entire ordeal in stride. In fact, according to Langer, Gary (June 7, 2004) â€Å"the attempt had great influence on Reagan's popularity; the polls indicated his approval rating to be around 73%†. This shows that somehow Americans were pleased with the fact Ronald Reagan was able to endure the ordeal. The y must have felt that they were in some ways repaid for believing in the newly elected President. Kengor, Paul (2004) Reagan believed that God had spared his life so that he might go on to fulfill a greater purpose and, although not a Catholic, meetings with Mother Teresa, Cardinal Terence Cooke, and fellow shooting survivor Pope John Paul II reinforced this belief. Reagan returned to the Oval Office on April 25, receiving a standing ovation from staff and Cabinet members; referring to their teamwork in his absence, he insisted, â€Å"I should be applauding you. † Steven R. Weisman (April 29, 1981) His first public appearance was an April 28 speech before the joint houses of Congress to introduce his planned spending cuts, a campaign promise. United Press International (April 25, 1981) He received â€Å"two thunderous standing ovations†, which the New York Times deemed â€Å"a salute to his good health† as well as his programs, which the President introduced using a medical recovery theme. It is apparent that the nation as a whole felt a positive return or, from Yale’s model, a distribution from Ronald Reagan during this specific moment just after his election. Sometimes it is not a product or tangible prize that your audience is looking for. Many times the feeling or emotional return is enough to provide hope and satisfy the masses. Although President Reagan probably did not wish to be shot, by retuning to office he filled America with good feelings.