A brief idea to identify the structural differences in the application Essay

A brief idea to identify the structural differences in the application of the separation of powers between the united states and the united kingdom in Law - Essay Example The purpose of this paper is to identify the structural differences in the application of the separation of powers between the United States and the United Kingdom in Law. Separation of Powers tends to be a feature of a republic with a President and is a feature of the current U.S. model. The other model is a fusion model that exists in the U.K.and is more common in parliamentary systems. A main difference between the two systems is the way in which the different branches of governments are created and the choices presented to the electorate. The main characteristics of this is that the legislative branch creates the executive branch, where complete separation of power exists stipulates that the executive, (most of the time- a president) is elected by the electorate. It is explained that in a fusion based model, the electorate elects the legislative branch with subsequently creates the executive branch. â€Å"As Professor Cheryl Saunders writes, "...the intermixture of institutions [in the UK] is such that it is almost impossible to describe it as a separation of powers." In a separation of powers, the national legislature does not select the person or persons the executive; instead, the executive is chosen by other means (direct popular election, electoral college selection, etc.) In a parliamentary system, when the term of the legislature ends, so too may the tenure of the executive selected by that legislature. Although in a presidential system the executives term may or may not coincide with the legislatures, their selection is technically independent of the legislature.† 1 Another major difference in the two systems are the way in which and the number of checks and balances in place. In the U.S., at the time of founding Madison argued that restraints should be place on both the minority and majority to prevent the majority from ruling with an iron fist. This makes the U.S. system

Principles and Practices of leadership and management Essay

Principles and Practices of leadership and management - Essay Example y useless in another situation hence there is not a best leadership style among the many available styles, (Bryman, 2011; Clegg, 2006; Aitken and Higgs, 2010). This essay critically evaluates the contingency theories with the Vroom–Jago Contingency Model as the main point of argument; other theories include path-goal theory, leader substitute’s theory, the multiple linkage models, LPC contingency theory and cognitive resource theory. The leadership theories explain the connection between leadership styles and their effectiveness in given situations, (Day and Antonakis, 2012; Murugan, 2007). According to Vecchio (2007), the Vroom–Jago contingency model focuses on the variance in the degrees of leadership and brings out the level of participation through its effect on the quality of accountability and decision making in organizations. The theory argument basis on the fact that a number of situational factors contribute to the possibility of participative and autocratic approach in the leadership that leads to the best outcome. This means that, the leaders can efficiently handle the problems that require a solution and the decisions through one leader or a number of leaders. It three components including leader participation styles and a set of diagnostic questions help analyze the decision situation and decision rules, (Shafritz, and Ott, 2005; Donaldson, 2001). Further, the styles selected depends on the significance of the decision, importance of commitment, leader’s expertise, commitment, support goals, goal expertise and team competence (In Gabbay, and In Leenders, 2001). Therefore, the method is crucial in the decision making processes related to conflict resolution among others in an organization. The last preferred coworker model (LPC), on the other hand, basis on the feelings of the individuals towards their preferred coworker. De, Van, Murnighan, and Social psychology and organizations, (2011) argue that the assumption is that the feelings would